Every scale here is shown the way guitarists learn it: across the whole neck, then in the standard positions (five pentatonic boxes, five CAGED positions for seven-note scales).
The rock and blues lead workhorse. Box 1 has the root under your first finger on the 6th string; the five boxes link end to end up the neck.
Country, soul, sweet major solos. The same five shapes as the minor pentatonic of its relative minor (C major pent = A minor pent), with a different home note.
Minor pentatonic plus the "blue note" ♭5, used as a passing note, not a place to sit.
The parent of everything on the wheel: a key's seven chords are built from it. Also called Ionian.
Minor with a natural 6th: the major-IV minor sound (Oye Como Va, Get Lucky). Same notes as the major scale a whole step down.
Minor with a ♭2: dark, Spanish, metal.
Major with a ♯4: dreamy, film-score bright. Same notes as the major key one step clockwise on the wheel (F Lydian = C major).
Major with a ♭7: the I–♭VII–IV rock sound (Sweet Child O' Mine). Same notes as the major key one step counterclockwise on the wheel (G Mixolydian = C major).
The minor key, also called Aeolian. Same notes as its relative major.
The vii° chord's scale. Rarely home; mostly theory.
Natural minor with a raised 7th, which is where the major V in minor keys comes from. Neoclassical and flamenco sound.
Minor with a natural 6th and 7th. Jazz builds altered dominant sounds from its modes.